A comprehensive study on Regional Anatomy of Adho Shaakhaagata Maamsa Marma by Cadaver Dissection and their Applied Anatomy

Marma is the meeting point where Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, Asthi and Sandhi along with Prana resides which on injury produce death or death like miseries. Maamsa Marma is one such category based on predominant Marma Vasthu. They are eleven in number. Among them four are present in Adho Shakhaa i.e., two Talahrudaya and two Indrabasthi. Talahrudaya Marma is located in the middle of Paada in the line of middle finger, which on injury causes Ruja and Marana.  Indrbasthi Marma is located in the middle of Janghain the side of Paarshni and it causes death due to Shonitha Kshaya. Both of them are Kaalantarapraanahara Marmas. Methods: Literature regarding Marma and its Viddhalakshana were collected from various sources and its Viddha Lakshanas are analysed scientifically. Anatomical structures found in the region of Adhoshakhaagata Maamsa Marmas were confirmed with the help of cadaveric dissection in five bodies. Results: Muscles of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, layer of the sole, Medial & lateral plantar nerves, deep plantar arch, shielded by thick layer of skin, superficial facia and plantar aponeurosis are the important structures present in the Talahrudaya Marma Sthaana. Superficial & deep calf muscles, posterior tibial vessels, peroneal vessels, tibial nerve and short saphenous nerve are the important structures present in the Indrabasthi Marma Pradesha. The Viddha Lakshanas are analyzed with applied aspects of these regions. Conclusion: Centre of the sole along the line of middle finger can be considered as the region of Talahrudaya Marma which on injury results in Ruja & Marana. Indrabasthi Marma is located in the middle of the Jangha (calf) in the side of Paarshni (heel) about 12 Angula above heel, which on injury results in Shonitha Kshaya & Marana.