Thermodynamics and Cosmic Censorship Conjecture in Kerr–Newman–de Sitter Black Hole

We investigate the laws of thermodynamics and the validity of the cosmic censorship conjecture in the Kerr–Newman–de Sitter black hole under charged particle absorption. Here, the black hole undergoes infinitesimal changes because of the momenta carried by the particle entering it. The cosmic censorship conjecture is tested by whether the black hole can be overcharged beyond the extremal condition under absorption. The changes in the black hole violate the second law of thermodynamics. Furthermore, this is related to the cosmic censorship conjecture. To resolve this violation, we impose a reference energy of the particle at the asymptotic region based on the first law of thermodynamics. Under imposition of the reference energy, the absorption satisfies the laws of thermodynamics, and the extremal black hole cannot be overcharged. Thus, the cosmic censorship conjecture is valid under the absorption.