Prevalence of extubation failure and factor associated among pediatrics patient admitted to Pediatrics intensive care unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia 

Abstract Introduction: a critical component of pediatrics intensive care therapy is mechanical ventilation. It is used when the patient spontaneous breathing is inadequate. In pediatrics ICU the need of mechanical ventilation range from 20% to over 60% depending on the setting. Respiratory failure is the primary indication for the initiation of ventilator support in pediatrics as a result of airway or lung disease, multi organ failure or for post-operative care. Objective: To asses prevalence of extubation failure and factor associated with extubation failure among pediatrics patients (0-14years) admitted to PICU, At TASH, Ethiopia 2024. Methods: facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatrics patient (0-14 years) who had been admitted to TASH, PICU from September, 2019 to September, 2023 G, C. A total of 155 samples were included in the study. The data was collected using check list entered using Epi-info software and exported to SPSS version 25 and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with extubation failure. Variable with P value of < 0.05 were taken as statically significant Hosmer and Leme show goodness of fit test was used to check model fitness. Adjusted odds ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of the association between outcome variable and independent variable. Result:the outcome of the study showed that 18.1% of intubated and extubated patients had extubation failure (CI: 12.9 - 24.5). The odds of extubation failure in those patient who stayed longer in the hospital, i.e longer than 30 days (AOR=2.81, 95%: CI 5.23-15.60) and 10 -30days (AOR=2.31, 95%: CI 3.10-17.76). Extubation failure is found to be 2.14 times higher for those patients who are not nebulized immediately after extubation than those who are nebulized. (AOR=2.14,95%:CI5.87-9.46). Conclusion: The study revealed that the extubation failure rate being 18.1%. Prolonged hospital stay and failure to nebulize after extubation were found to be determinate for extubation failure.