Changes in Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Lipid Profile in Children Diagnosed with Short Stature Who Undergo Growth Hormone Therapy: One Single-Center Experience

Background and Objectives: The effect of growth hormone (GH) on body composition is well recognized, and recombinant human GH (rGH) therapy may improve lean mass and related parameters. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in body composition parameters and lipid profile under rGH treatment in children diagnosed with short stature and to explore potential influencing factors. Materials and Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted in the Endocrinology Department of the Mures County Hospital, Romania, approved by the local Ethics Committee. All children diagnosed with short stature and receiving rGH treatment were eligible for inclusion if they had four body composition analyses at least 6 months apart. Analyzed variables included age, gender, environment, mean rGH dose, height and body mass index (BMI) SDS, body composition parameters assessed by bioimpedance, and family-related variables. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.25 with a level of significance α = 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant trend in body composition parameters taken during serial measurements, except for the sarcopenic index and height (p < 0.001). Environment, pubertal development, and family-related variables other than maternal BMI had no significant influence on body composition or lipid profile. Gender differences in body composition revealed that the change in muscle mass (p = 0.009) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.013) was statistically significantly higher for boys, and body fat (p = 0.013) for girls. In linear regression analysis, mother’s BMI emerged as a significant predictor for changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p = 0.032, β = −0.691) during rGH therapy. Body composition changes did not differ by treatment indication. Conclusions: Gender may be associated with treatment-related changes in body composition during pediatric rGH therapy, while maternal BMI may predict HDL-C variation. rGH treatment appears to improve the sarcopenic index and has minimal and variable effects on the lipid profile.