Relationship between mental disorders, psychotropic drugs, and constipation in psychiatric outpatients

Constipation has been reported to be more common in patients with mental disorders than in the general population. However, its relationships with psychiatric diagnosis, medication, age, and sex have not been fully identified. A total of 875 patients from the outpatient department were included in the study. As a retrospective observational study, the psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medications were examined based on the medical charts. Fecal conditions, including problems with defecation, abdominal pain, sense of incomplete evacuation, use of laxatives, frequency of defecation, and stool characteristics according to the Bristol Scale, were investigated. The study included 368 males and 507 females, with median ages of 48 and 52 years, respectively. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were depressive disorders (33%), followed by anxiety disorders (19%). Females had significantly higher rates of problems with defecation and laxative use than males (P < .001, P < .0001, respectively). The frequency of laxative use increased significantly with age (P < .0001). The multivariate analyses revealed the close relationship between hypnotics and problems of defecation and that between hypnotics, antipsychotics, and laxative use. In psychiatric outpatients, females had significantly higher rates of problems with defecation and laxative use than males. The use of laxatives significantly increased with age. Problems with defecation were significantly more common in patients taking hypnotics and laxative use was significantly more common in patients taking hypnotics and antipsychotics.