DIVERSITY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS IN THE IRAQI SONG

Musical instruments have an important role in the performance of melodies associated with the lyrical text or purely musical compositions. Thousands of years ago, musical instruments went through stages of development that included their manufacture or the way they were played, in order to reach new tone-colors that mimic the reality and ambition of artists and the public on their various orientations in times and successive civilizations. Arabic and Iraqi music has an active role in the development of musical instruments since the civilization of Mesopotamia. The Iraqi song accompanied the various segments of Iraqi society and honestly expressed the various political, social and other conditions that passed in this country. And the musical instruments had an indispensable role in producing songs, and the traditional Arabic musical instruments such as the Qanoon, the Oud and the Nai had the most prominent role in the types of musical instruments used, despite the opening up to Western musical instruments, in line with the development of the musical form of the Iraqi song. The research included a study on the history of singing and traditional Arab and Iraqi musical instruments and a brief explanation of them. The research included a study on the history of singing and traditional Arabic and Iraqi musical instruments and a brief explanation of them, and the second topic was on the development of the musical form of Iraqi song and Western musical instruments in it. Then the researcher collected thirteen models representing the Iraqi songs within the period of the research limits and set a special analytical method whose parts included identifying the names of the musical instruments used, their classification, scheme of performance, their origins and finally the musical form of the model. The expansion of the Iraqi song form imposed the use of new musical instruments with non-consumable tone- colors, and the way these new instruments performed the synergy of traditional Arab instruments in presenting the song in line with the development of musical and lyrical art and in line with the trends of Iraqi artists. All Western and traditional musical instruments participated in group playing, and Eastern instruments had a large part in the performance of solo playing, in addition to some other Western instruments.