Comuna Buteni, județul Arad, 1982

Photography is part of the Research Report No. 438, with the theme "The general framework of agrarian history in Romania; traditional occupations - agriculture (typology of agricultural tools); habits related to work (calendar cycle), authors Ioana Armasescu and Doina Işfănoni. The excavations took place in 1982 and aimed at researching traditional agriculture, agricultural works, basic crops, agricultural tool typology from Zarand Country, Hunedoara and Arad Counties. In the image of Buteni commune, Arad county situated on the bank of the White Crisului, at the foothills of the Cuiedului Hills, 72 km away from Arad. The first documentary attestation dates from 1387. In medieval writings it appears mentioned by the name Butyn, Butean. The name probably comes from the old occupation of the inhabitants to make barrels, also called buti, bute. During the Habsburg rule, the settlement develops as a fair of agricultural products alongside Hălmagiu and Chisindia. During the mediaeval and modern period, Buteniu was the most flourishing settlement in the Middle Basin of the White Criș. Here is the headquarters of the Orthodox deanery, the court and customs between Transylvania and Hungary. During the period between the ninth century and the eleventh century, Buteniul was part of the Voivodata of Menumerorut and then of Ahtum. During the Hungarian rule in Transylvania, between the eleventh and the seventh centuries, the town belonged to Arad County, and during the Ottoman rule it was probably part of the Ineului Pasalac.