Search engine for discovering works of Art, research articles, and books related to Art and Culture
Javascript must be enabled to continue!
Oil Refining
View through CrossRef
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
1.
Introduction
1.1.
History
1.2.
General Aspects of Oil Refining
2.
Crude Oils and Products
2.1.
Crude Oil Constituents
2.2.
Classification of Crude Oils
2.3.
Oil Products
2.3.1.
Gas Fuels
2.3.2.
Liquid Fuels
2.3.3.
Nonfuel Applications
3.
Oil Refining Processes
3.1.
Crude Oil Distillation
3.1.1.
Atmospheric Distillation
3.1.2.
Vacuum Distillation
3.1.3.
Crude Oil Desalting
3.2.
Catalytic Cracking (Cat Cracking)
3.3.
Hydrotreating
3.3.1.
Distillate Hydrotreating
3.3.2.
Pyrolysis Gasoline Hydrotreating
3.4.
Catalytic Reforming
3.4.1.
Introduction
3.4.2.
Semiregenerative Reformer
3.4.3.
Fully Regenerative Reformer
3.4.4.
Continuously Regenerative Reformer
3.5.
Hydrocracking
3.6.
Residue Conversion Processes
3.6.1.
Introduction
3.6.2.
Fundamentals of Residue Conversion and Process Options
3.6.3.
Hydrogen Addition (“H‐in”) Processes
3.6.3.1.
Residue Hydrotreating (Demetallization, Desulfurization, Denitrification)
3.6.3.2.
Residue Hydrocracking (Hydroconversion)
3.6.4.
Carbon Rejection (“C‐out”) Processes
3.6.4.1.
Thermal Processes (Visbreaking, Coking)
3.6.4.2.
Catalytic Processes (Residue Cat Cracking)
3.6.5.
Other Processes
3.6.5.1.
Extraction of Asphaltenes
3.6.5.2.
Partial Oxidation
3.6.6.
Process Combinations
3.7.
Gasoline Upgrading Processes
3.7.1.
Alkylation
3.7.2.
Polymerization
3.7.3.
Isomerization
3.7.4
Production of Ethers (MTBE; ETBE)
3.8.
Other Processes
3.8.1.
Gas Treating
3.8.2.
Sulfur Recovery
3.9.
Catalysts
4.
Environmental Protection in Oil Refining
4.1.
Introduction
4.2.
Manufacturing Emissions
4.2.1.
Hydrocarbons (HC)
4.2.1.1.
Hydrocarbons in Air
4.2.1.2.
Hydrocarbons in Wastewater
4.2.1.3.
Hydrocarbons in Soil and Groundwater
4.2.2.
Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds
4.2.2.1.
Sulfur Compounds
4.2.2.2.
Nitrogen Compounds
4.2.3.
Noise
4.3.
Consumer Related Emissions
4.3.1.
Transportation Fuels
4.3.1.1.
Motor Gasoline
4.3.1.2.
Diesel Fuel
4.3.1.3.
Marine Fuels
4.3.2.
Fuels for Heat Generation
4.4.
Cost of Environmental Conservation
5.
Integrated Refinery Models
5.1.
Trends of Refinery Structures
5.2.
Hydroskimming Refinery
5.3.
Conversion Concepts
5.3.1.
Cat Cracking ‐ Visbreaking Refinery
5.3.2.
Hydrocracking ‐ Cat Cracking Refinery
5.3.3.
Hydrocracking ‐ Coking Refinery
5.3.4.
Integration of Existing Refineries
6.
Corrosion and Materials
7.
Testing and Analysis
7.1.
Crude Oil and Product Properties
7.2.
Testing Methods and Standards
8.
Storage and Transport
Title: Oil Refining
Description:
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
1.
Introduction
1.
1.
History
1.
2.
General Aspects of Oil Refining
2.
Crude Oils and Products
2.
1.
Crude Oil Constituents
2.
2.
Classification of Crude Oils
2.
3.
Oil Products
2.
3.
1.
Gas Fuels
2.
3.
2.
Liquid Fuels
2.
3.
3.
Nonfuel Applications
3.
Oil Refining Processes
3.
1.
Crude Oil Distillation
3.
1.
1.
Atmospheric Distillation
3.
1.
2.
Vacuum Distillation
3.
1.
3.
Crude Oil Desalting
3.
2.
Catalytic Cracking (Cat Cracking)
3.
3.
Hydrotreating
3.
3.
1.
Distillate Hydrotreating
3.
3.
2.
Pyrolysis Gasoline Hydrotreating
3.
4.
Catalytic Reforming
3.
4.
1.
Introduction
3.
4.
2.
Semiregenerative Reformer
3.
4.
3.
Fully Regenerative Reformer
3.
4.
4.
Continuously Regenerative Reformer
3.
5.
Hydrocracking
3.
6.
Residue Conversion Processes
3.
6.
1.
Introduction
3.
6.
2.
Fundamentals of Residue Conversion and Process Options
3.
6.
3.
Hydrogen Addition (“H‐in”) Processes
3.
6.
3.
1.
Residue Hydrotreating (Demetallization, Desulfurization, Denitrification)
3.
6.
3.
2.
Residue Hydrocracking (Hydroconversion)
3.
6.
4.
Carbon Rejection (“C‐out”) Processes
3.
6.
4.
1.
Thermal Processes (Visbreaking, Coking)
3.
6.
4.
2.
Catalytic Processes (Residue Cat Cracking)
3.
6.
5.
Other Processes
3.
6.
5.
1.
Extraction of Asphaltenes
3.
6.
5.
2.
Partial Oxidation
3.
6.
6.
Process Combinations
3.
7.
Gasoline Upgrading Processes
3.
7.
1.
Alkylation
3.
7.
2.
Polymerization
3.
7.
3.
Isomerization
3.
7.
4
Production of Ethers (MTBE; ETBE)
3.
8.
Other Processes
3.
8.
1.
Gas Treating
3.
8.
2.
Sulfur Recovery
3.
9.
Catalysts
4.
Environmental Protection in Oil Refining
4.
1.
Introduction
4.
2.
Manufacturing Emissions
4.
2.
1.
Hydrocarbons (HC)
4.
2.
1.
1.
Hydrocarbons in Air
4.
2.
1.
2.
Hydrocarbons in Wastewater
4.
2.
1.
3.
Hydrocarbons in Soil and Groundwater
4.
2.
2.
Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds
4.
2.
2.
1.
Sulfur Compounds
4.
2.
2.
2.
Nitrogen Compounds
4.
2.
3.
Noise
4.
3.
Consumer Related Emissions
4.
3.
1.
Transportation Fuels
4.
3.
1.
1.
Motor Gasoline
4.
3.
1.
2.
Diesel Fuel
4.
3.
1.
3.
Marine Fuels
4.
3.
2.
Fuels for Heat Generation
4.
4.
Cost of Environmental Conservation
5.
Integrated Refinery Models
5.
1.
Trends of Refinery Structures
5.
2.
Hydroskimming Refinery
5.
3.
Conversion Concepts
5.
3.
1.
Cat Cracking ‐ Visbreaking Refinery
5.
3.
2.
Hydrocracking ‐ Cat Cracking Refinery
5.
3.
3.
Hydrocracking ‐ Coking Refinery
5.
3.
4.
Integration of Existing Refineries
6.
Corrosion and Materials
7.
Testing and Analysis
7.
1.
Crude Oil and Product Properties
7.
2.
Testing Methods and Standards
8.
Storage and Transport.
Related Results
[RETRACTED] Kerassentials Toenail Fungus Treatment, Kerassentials for Toenail Fungus, Kerasentials Nail Treatment v1
[RETRACTED] Kerassentials Toenail Fungus Treatment, Kerassentials for Toenail Fungus, Kerasentials Nail Treatment v1
[RETRACTED]kerassentials reviewsis another nail and skin support dietary enhancement would you say you are tired of your foot parasite? Do you need to confront a steady humiliation...
A New Representation for Low Consistency Refining Data
A New Representation for Low Consistency Refining Data
The standard method of representing refining data is to plot fibre or sheet properties as a function of refiner Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), for separate refining trials done...
The Methods Taken in SZ36-1 Oilfield in the Early Stage of Production
The Methods Taken in SZ36-1 Oilfield in the Early Stage of Production
Abstract
SZ 36-1 Oil Field is located in Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea and is an unconsolidated sand and structure-lithology reservoir. The reservoir is distributed i...
Effect of compression refining on fiber properties
Effect of compression refining on fiber properties
This article shows how fiber properties obtained by the compression refining of bleached softwood pulp refined using a KID 300 refiner differs from traditional bar refining. A KID ...
Major pathways for used oil disposal and recycling. Part 1
Major pathways for used oil disposal and recycling. Part 1
AbstractOne of the main concerns with lubricating oil relates to used oil management for both industrial and engine oils, although the environmental impact of gasoline and diesel e...
Effects of Crude Rice Bran Oil Components on Alkali‐Refining Loss
Effects of Crude Rice Bran Oil Components on Alkali‐Refining Loss
AbstractThe effects of minor components in crude rice bran oil (RBO) including free fatty acids (FFA), rice bran wax (RBW), γ‐oryzanol, and long‐chain fatty alcohols (LCFA), on alk...
Effect of chemical refining on Citrullus colocynthis and Pongamia pinnata seed oil
Effect of chemical refining on Citrullus colocynthis and Pongamia pinnata seed oil
Bio -diesel production from conventional vegetable oils (soybean, sunflower, safflower, palm and rapeseed) has progressively stressed food uses, price, production and availability ...
Investigating the process of refining rapeseed oil
Investigating the process of refining rapeseed oil
The alkaline refining method for rapeseed oil is considered rational; however, it faces certain challenges in terms of meeting the required physical and chemical indicators, as wel...