Urban Silhouette Analysis in Historical Peninsula Süleymaniye District Using Digital Twin Technology

The increasing urban population, intensified urbanization, and environmental changes necessitate innovative, technology-driven approaches to achieving sustainable development and enhancing urban livability. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)- supported digital twin technologies have emerged as transformative tools in urban planning, management, and cultural heritage preservation. By replicating the physical environment, digital twins support advanced analysis and simulation processes, particularly in documenting and safeguarding historical and cultural assets. This study investigates the application of GIS-supported digital twins to preserve the historical silhouette of the Süleymaniye District on Istanbul’s Historical Peninsula, a region of significant cultural heritage. A high-resolution 3D mesh model of the area was developed, integrating GIS data on building heights, topography, and spatial density to assess the current silhouette against legal height restrictions and urban planning principles outlined in the Prost Plan. The study identifies structures that obstruct the iconic silhouette of the Süleymaniye Mosque and evaluates the potential of digital twins to simulate urban scenarios, guide restoration efforts, and inform sustainable planning strategies. This research examines the impact of existing and proposed building heights on the skyline through comparative analyses, providing insights into the visual impact of planning decisions in historical and cultural heritage areas. Using digital twin technology and GIS tools, the existing building height model for the Süleymaniye District is compared with the optimal height limits defined in existing zoning plans. This study analyzes the areas where incompatible developments, illegal additions, unpermitted uses, and structures are concentrated, and demonstrates how these areas, due to their location within the Süleymaniye District, negatively impact Istanbul's historic skyline. Furthermore, the methods used in this study offer insights to assist urban planners and decision-makers in overcoming urban and administrative challenges. The findings demonstrate the critical role of digital twins in preserving urban identity and cultural memory while addressing modern planning challenges. This research highlights the potential of integrating digital twin technologies into urban planning and heritage management, providing a robust framework for future applications.