Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a postpartum woman: a case report on early diagnosis and management

Introduction and importance: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but serious condition that can cause permanent neurological impairments if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Its nonspecific presentation, such as headache and altered awareness, often delays diagnosis. Postpartum women are at heightened risk for CVST, necessitating vigilance. Case presentation: We describe a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with CVST 2 weeks postpartum. She presented with fever, severe headache, impaired vision, expressive dysphasia, and disturbed mental status. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) confirmed multiple thrombosed cerebral sinuses. The patient was treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), followed by rivaroxaban, and demonstrated significant clinical improvement. She was subsequently discharged on oral anticoagulation therapy. Clinical discussion: This case emphasizes the significance of maintaining a high level of suspicion for CVST in postpartum women who exhibit neurological symptoms. Early detection and intervention are essential to stop the disease’s course and reduce its long-term effects. The use of anticoagulation medication, commencing with LMWH followed by oral anticoagulants like Rivaroxaban, was beneficial in this patient, illustrating the typical approach to CVST management. Conclusion: CVST in postpartum women requires prompt diagnosis and anticoagulation therapy to prevent severe complications. High clinical suspicion and early intervention can mitigate long-term neurological sequelae. Further research is needed to explore intensive treatment strategies for high-risk populations.