Parvovirus

Parvovirus B19 is a common infection in humans that occurs worldwide. Parvovirus B19 is transmitted through exposure to respiratory droplets, blood, and blood products, and through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in utero. Intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection is a rare occurrence during pregnancy but can result in significant morbidity and mortality for the fetus, including severe fetal anemia and nonimmune fetal hydrops (NIFH). Intrauterine transfusion can be successful in treating fetal anemia. Neurodevelopmental impairment has been reported in infants with congenital infection who have received intrauterine transfusion (IUT). Future research on the development of antiviral agents for the treatment of parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women is needed, along with the development of a parvovirus B19 vaccine. Longitudinal studies to evaluate neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with a history of congenital parvovirus B19 infection are needed in order to facilitate the optimal evaluation and management of these infants.