The role of lymphoepithelial structures of the upper respiratory tract in the formation of local cellular factors of innate immunity. Message 1. Participation of various formats of the lymphopharyngeal ring of Waldeyer-Pirogov in the migration of lymphocy

The purpose of the study: to find out the role of the pharyngeal (PhT) and palatine (PT) tonsils in the influx of lymphocytes into the composition of mixed saliva. Material and methods: The relative cellular composition of oropharyngeal secretions was studied in two groups of children with hypertrophy of pharyngeal or palatine tonsils before and 7-14 days after adenotomy, as well as in adult donors with or without PhT and PT, as well as in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. and chronic pharyngitis with preserved or removed PhT and PT or with presence of PhT in removed PT and patients with chronic tonsillitis with presence or absence of PT. A light microscopy study of adenoid vegetations stained with hematoxylin and eosin was carried out. Results: In children with hypertrophy of PhT, the relative content of lymphocytes in the oral fluid is significantly higher than that with an increase in PT. Adenotomy reduces the content of lymphocytes in the secretion of the oropharynx in case of excessive size of PhT and increases it in the case of growth of PT. In donors or patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, there are no significant changes in the number of lymphocytes in the composition of the oral fluid, depending on the preservation of the structures of the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring of Waldeyer-Pirogov. With chronic pharyngitis, the number of these cells in the secretion of the oropharynx is significantly increased in the absence of PT. With chronic tonsillitis, the presence of lymphocytes in mixed saliva increases significantly in the absence of PhT. In all patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, the number of lymphocytes in the oral fluid exceeds that of donors. Conclusions: In patients with chronic inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract, an increase in the content of lymphocytes in the cellular component of mixed saliva is observed. The pharyngeal tonsil is one of the sources of the influx of lymphocytes into the composition of mixed saliva, which has the appropriate structural components for the massive release of lymphocytes to the surface of the mucous membrane. The palatine tonsils, unlike the pharyngeal tonsils, have an inhibitory effect on the migration of lymphocytes to the oral fluid, which is clearly evident in the case of their hypertrophy in children or chronic pharyngitis in adults. In chronic tonsillitis, preservation of the palatine tonsils is not accompanied by inhibition of lymphocyte exit from the mucous membrane to the secretion of the oropharynx, which may be a consequence of the functional activity of these organs being disturbed by a pathological process localized in them. Key words: Lymphocytes, mixed saliva, palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsil, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis