LEO-PNT Receiver Positioning Performance for Dynamic Users: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Evaluation

Abstract LEO-PNT systems are poised to revolutionize GNSS by delivering superior resilience, accuracy, and robustness. This paper presents a novel Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) evaluation of integrating LEO-PNT augmentation into kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP) for dynamic users. Conducted at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) facilities, the study utilizes a comprehensive, end-to-end test bed that includes RF signal generation for a multi-tier LEO-PNT constellation, the integration of the innovative STMicroelectronics Teseo VI LEO-compatible receiver, and a dedicated, configurable PPP algorithm capable of processing HIL-generated raw measurements. Our results demonstrate the substantial benefits of LEO-PNT augmentation in significantly improving positioning accuracy within challenging, high-dynamic automotive scenarios. Crucially, this study underscores the critical role of HIL testing in stress-testing and identifying specific areas for enhancement in both receiver hardware and algorithm implementation—essential steps for the successful, real-world deployment of LEO-PNT technologies.