Axillary arch as a rare variant of the latissimus dorsi: cadaveric case report and literature review

This case report explores the axillary arch, a rare anatomical variation of the latissimus dorsi muscle, which can compress vital neurovascular structures in the axilla. We present a detailed examination of a 75-year-old male cadaver, where the axillary arch was identified extending from the latissimus dorsi to the pectoralis major. The arch measured 6.0 cm in length and 0.6 cm in width, passing over the intercostobrachial nerve, median nerve, and medial brachial vein. The potential for this anatomical variant to cause neurovascular compression and contribute to conditions such as thoracic outlet syndrome is discussed. This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing the axillary arch in surgical practice to avoid complications during procedures involving the axillary region. Insights gained from cadaveric dissections are vital for enhancing our understanding of anatomical variations and their clinical implications.