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Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles
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Abstract
Background
Xylaria
species growing on fallen leaves and petioles have not been treated systematically. One source of confusion in this group of
Xylaria
species has stemmed from
X. filiformis
, which is an ancient name published in 1805 as
Sphaeria filiformis
and has commonly labeled on specimen packets that contain leaf- and petiole-inhabiting
Xylaria
species. Here we clarified the identity of
X. filiformis
and distinguish it from the species that are easily confused with it, notably
X
.
simplicissima
, to which most specimens labeled as
X
.
filiformis
are referred. Our research also led us to encounter many other leaf- and petiole-inhabiting
Xylaria
species, prompting a comprehensive study of this group of fungi.
Results
Forty-five foliicolous and caulicolous species of
Xylaria
were studied, including nine newly described species—
X
.
allima
,
X
.
appendiculatoides
,
X
.
hispidipes
,
X
.
minuscula
,
X
.
neblinensis
,
X. spiculaticlavata
,
X
.
vermiformis
,
X
.
vittatipiliformis
, and
X
.
vittiformis
; three unnamed species—
X
. sp. AR1741,
X
. sp. GS7461A, and
X
. sp. GS7461B;
X
.
simplicissima
, a name newly combined with
Xylaria
from
Rhizomorpha simplicissima
; and
X
.
noduliformis
and
X
.
imminuta
, which are two new replacement names, respectively, for
X
.
maitlandii
var.
nuda
and
X
.
hypsipoda
var.
microspora
. The 45 taxa can be classified into three groups by stromatal shape and conspicuousness of perithecial mounds on the stromatal surface: (i) the
X
.
filiformis
group contains 10 species, (ii) the
X
.
phyllocharis
group contains 19 species, and (iii) the
X
.
heloidea
group contains 16 species. One of the newly described or unnamed species belongs to the
X
.
filiformis
group—
X
.
vermiformis
; nine of them belong to the
X
.
phyllocharis
group—
X. allima, X. appendiculatoides, Xylaria minuscula
,
X
.
neblinensis
,
X
. sp. AR1741,
X
. sp. GS7461B,
X. spiculaticlavata
,
X
.
vittatipiliformis
, and
X
.
vittiformis
; and three of them belong to the
X
.
heloidea
group—
X
.
hispidipes
,
X
.
imminuta
, and
X
. sp. GS7461A.
Conclusion
The 45 species of
Xylaria
associated with fallen leaves and petioles can be identified by using the dichotomous identification key that we provided herein. It is important to note that most of the studied species are represented by only one or several specimens and many have not been recollected and cultured.
Title: Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles
Description:
Abstract
Background
Xylaria
species growing on fallen leaves and petioles have not been treated systematically.
One source of confusion in this group of
Xylaria
species has stemmed from
X.
filiformis
, which is an ancient name published in 1805 as
Sphaeria filiformis
and has commonly labeled on specimen packets that contain leaf- and petiole-inhabiting
Xylaria
species.
Here we clarified the identity of
X.
filiformis
and distinguish it from the species that are easily confused with it, notably
X
.
simplicissima
, to which most specimens labeled as
X
.
filiformis
are referred.
Our research also led us to encounter many other leaf- and petiole-inhabiting
Xylaria
species, prompting a comprehensive study of this group of fungi.
Results
Forty-five foliicolous and caulicolous species of
Xylaria
were studied, including nine newly described species—
X
.
allima
,
X
.
appendiculatoides
,
X
.
hispidipes
,
X
.
minuscula
,
X
.
neblinensis
,
X.
spiculaticlavata
,
X
.
vermiformis
,
X
.
vittatipiliformis
, and
X
.
vittiformis
; three unnamed species—
X
.
sp.
AR1741,
X
.
sp.
GS7461A, and
X
.
sp.
GS7461B;
X
.
simplicissima
, a name newly combined with
Xylaria
from
Rhizomorpha simplicissima
; and
X
.
noduliformis
and
X
.
imminuta
, which are two new replacement names, respectively, for
X
.
maitlandii
var.
nuda
and
X
.
hypsipoda
var.
microspora
.
The 45 taxa can be classified into three groups by stromatal shape and conspicuousness of perithecial mounds on the stromatal surface: (i) the
X
.
filiformis
group contains 10 species, (ii) the
X
.
phyllocharis
group contains 19 species, and (iii) the
X
.
heloidea
group contains 16 species.
One of the newly described or unnamed species belongs to the
X
.
filiformis
group—
X
.
vermiformis
; nine of them belong to the
X
.
phyllocharis
group—
X.
allima, X.
appendiculatoides, Xylaria minuscula
,
X
.
neblinensis
,
X
.
sp.
AR1741,
X
.
sp.
GS7461B,
X.
spiculaticlavata
,
X
.
vittatipiliformis
, and
X
.
vittiformis
; and three of them belong to the
X
.
heloidea
group—
X
.
hispidipes
,
X
.
imminuta
, and
X
.
sp.
GS7461A.
Conclusion
The 45 species of
Xylaria
associated with fallen leaves and petioles can be identified by using the dichotomous identification key that we provided herein.
It is important to note that most of the studied species are represented by only one or several specimens and many have not been recollected and cultured.
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