Effects of Herbal Medicine (Turmeric, Cinnamon, Ginger) on Histopathology and Gene Expression in Diabetic Induced Rats: A Qualitative Meta-Analysis

The paper aims to study a precise synopsis on the possible medical benefits of curcumin of turmeric, ginger, and cinnamon on histopathology of liver and kidney with Bcl-2 and Bax, an apoptotic gene expression in diabetic -induced rats. It is to establish statistical significance across the studies that have conflicting results using herbal medicine. A qualitative meta-analysis search was executed using the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar in studies with a range of 6 years (2017 - 2021) and completed based on the effects of curcumin, ginger and cinnamon on histological changes and gene expression on liver and kidney on diabetic induced rats. 13 studies are included in this qualitative meta-analysis. Histopathological structure of liver and kidney tissue was observed in curcumin, ginger and cinnamon extract treated diabetic rats showed almost normal tissue structure after the treatment. In vivo studies showed that curcumin and ginger affect the apoptotic gene expression. Anti-apoptotic cell Bcl-2 gene expression increases when Streptozotocin-induced (STZ-induced) rats are treated with curcumin as well as ginger extract. However, the Pro-apoptotic cell gene expression shows the opposite result. However, there is no study showing the effect of cinnamon on apoptotic cell gene expression. This qualitative meta-analysis proved that diabetic induced rat’s treatment with curcumin, ginger and cinnamon have protective properties on liver and kidney on histopathological finding. Ginger and curcumin extract is really effective in preventing apoptosis in diabetic-induced rats. further study is needed to study the effect of cinnamon on apoptotic gene expression.