A comparative study of CTG monitoring one hour before labor in infants born with and without asphyxia

Abstract Background and Aim Asphyxia is a condition arising when the infant is deprived of oxygen, causing Fetal brain damage or death, which is associated with hypoxia and hypercapnia. Although fetal Cardiotocography (CTG) can show the Fetal health status during labor, some studies have reported cases of fetal asphyxia despite reassuring CTGs. This study hence aimed to compare FHR Monitoring and uterine contractions in the last hour before delivered between two groups of infants born with and without asphyxia. Methodology The study was conducted on 70 pregnant women who delivered Taleghani and Al-Zahra academic teaching hospitals of Tabriz for labor in 2020–2021. Results The study data showed no significant difference between mothers of infants with and without asphyxia in terms of demographics (p > 0.05). The prevalence of asphyxia was significantly higher only in mothers with the gravidity of 3 and 4 (p = 0.003). In terms of the methods for labor induction, the use of oxytocin was more common among mothers of infants with asphyxia (74.3%) than in those of infants without asphyxia (p = 0.015). The results also revealed a significant difference between infants with and without asphyxia in the Apgar score (first, fifth, and tenth minutes), need for neonatal resuscitation, umbilical cord artery Acidosis (pH, bicarbonate, and BE), and severity of HIE between two groups of infants with asphyxia and without asphyxia (p < 0.0001). The comparison of fetal CTG 0 to 20 min before the delivery indicated that normal variability was observed in 71.4% of infants born with asphyxia, whereas this figure for infants born without asphyxia was 91.4% (p = 0.031). However, the results showed no significant difference between the two groups of infants in any of the tstudied indicators at 20 and 40 min before the labor(p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups of infants in terms of deceleration at 40 and 60 min before the labor, as it was observed in 53.6% of infants born with asphyxia and only 11.1% of those born without asphyxia. The results also demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups in the type of deceleration (p = 0.025). Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients showed a significant and direct relationship between interpretation the CTG of the three Perinatologists(p < 0.0001, r > 0.8). Conclusion The study results demonstrated a significant difference between infants born with asphyxia and those born without asphyxia in variability at 0 to 20 min before the labor and deceleration at 40 to 60 min before the labor.