The pattern of diabetic foot and its complications in Albaha, Saudi Arabia

The progressive increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), both worldwide and in Saudi Arabia, is associated with progressive complications rates development. Diabetic foot ulcerations and complications are major morbidities associated with progressions of DM neuropathies and vasculopathies. They contribute to marked health expenditure and efforts. Our study aimed at measuring the magnitude of the problem of diabetic foot in the special area of Albaha in Saudi Arabia. Material and method: We included 53 patients who presented to the diabetic foot center in Al Baha, Saudi Arabia over 1 year. The included patients were assessed by meticulous clinical examination including eye examination and foot assessment for ulcer, neuropathy, skin manifestations like abscesses, and foot deformities. Investigations included fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), lipid profile, and Doppler Ultrasonography of the lower limbs. Results: 52 (98.1%) had type II DM, duration of DM was 17.0 (10.0-25.0) years, fasting blood glucose 10.1 (7.6-14.8) mmol/L, and HbA1C 9.1±1.3%. Hypertension was found in 24 (45.3%), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorders (ASCVD) in 27 (50.9%)and eye complications in 20 (37.7%) of cases. ASCVDs were found to be significantly higher (p 0.009) in patients aged >66 years (18 (69.2%)) in comparison to those <66 years (8 (30.8%)). Regarding foot complications; ulcers were found in 44 (83.0%), foot deformities in 4 (7.6%), skin complications in 28 (52.8%), infections in 20 (37.7%) and gangrene in 10 (18.9%) of cases. Interestingly, diabetic foot ulcers were found to be significantly higher (p 0.038) in patients aged <66 years (24 (88.9%)) in comparison to those aged >66 years (20 (76.9%)). Surgical management including debridement, abscess drainage, dressings, and a skin graft was required in 25 (47.2%) of cases and amputation in 7 (13.2%) of cases. In conclusion; diabetic foot ulcers and complications are a major health problem contributing to devastating morbidities up to amputations. Poor glycemic control is a major contributing factor for diabetic foot problems. Good glycemic control, diabetic foot meticulous care, and early interventions are recommended health practice strategies. Key words: Diabetes, Foot, ulcer, complications