Main aspects of pikepersh (Sander lucioperca) reproduction (a review)

Abstract. Over the last 50 years, the concept of sustainable development has been introduced all across the world. It involves the transformation of all branches of the economy based on the "green economy". Fishery, which is based on the exploitation of natural resources and directly affects the ecological and food security of the country, is primarily subject to restructuring due to the need to achieve the goals of sustainable development. The latter means that the needs of the current generation must be fulfilled without creating obstacles for future generations. Accordingly, there is a problem of resource conservation in combination with the restoration of populations. Therefore, the preservation and sustainable development of humanity is possible only under the conditions of stable functioning and guaranteed reproduction of other components of the biosphere which can be considered as resources. Reproduction is one of the most important parts of fishery in general and aquaculture in particular. This is explained by the fact that the result of reproduction is the production of fish seeds. The latter can be aimed both at restoring natural populations and at the use in aquaculture farms. The actual reproduction process of aquatic organisms is carried out using different technologies. Their main difference is the degree of control over natural processes. In turn, it is largely determined by the degree of controllability of the selected methods. Thus, it can be stated that the highest level of controllability and technology of reproduction is achieved in the conditions of closed (recirculating) water supply system, while the lowest in the conditions of the arrangement of artificial spawning grounds in water bodies. Among the main technologies of fish reproduction, in addition to the two mentioned above, there are following: reproduction in cages, ponds, tanks, and combined. The last four are mainly used to work with one of the most valuable native fish species in Europe, the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus 1958). However, each technology includes pre-spawning work with brood fish regarding their preparation for reproduction, actual spawning campaign, and the subsequent incubation of the obtained eggs. All these links are formed on the basis of a combination of biological features of this species with existing environmental conditions as well as financial and organizational capabilities of certain farms. The main aspects of pikeperch reproduction include: the terms and conditions for reaching sexual maturity, the characteristics of the broodstock and reproduction conditions, working with brood fish, the actual selection and insemination of eggs, and the subsequent incubation of the embryos obtained in this way. The objective of this study was analytical review of the abovementioned technological processes of artificial reproduction of pikeperch based on information sources that highlight the results of scientific research