Conclusion

The Conclusion summarises the successes and failures and strengths and weaknesses of Mann and Ross in terms of their stated objectives and political careers as a whole. It shows that they achieved limited successes in their overriding aims to build the labour and socialist movements and successfully challenge capitalism nationally, internationally and transationally. It then moves to an appraisal of the relationship between Mann’s and Ross’s transnational, global, international and national attachments, allegiances and identities. It concludes that while the fact and strength of their transnationalism cannot be doubted, nevertheless, these other attachments continued to exist alongside and impact upon their transnationalism in important ways. This suggests the historiographical advisability of continuing to engage ‘the transnational’, ‘the national’, ‘the international’ and ‘the global’ rather than simply concentrating upon the transnational level. The Conclusion offers a final word on the relevance of Mann and Ross to today’s left-wing radicals.