Acute Corneal Hydrops Following Contusive Ocular Trauma by a Tree Branch in a Child: A Case Report

Introduction: Acute corneal hydrops, characterized by sudden corneal edema, is a rare but serious complication often associated with keratoconus. This article presents an exceptional case in a 7-year-old child, following contusive ocular trauma by a tree branch. The aim is to highlight the importance of accurate assessment, rapid diagnosis and appropriate management to reduce potentially devastating visual sequelae. Observation: The patient, with no previous history of trauma, suffered a trauma to the right eye. Examination revealed stromal corneal edema with epithelial bullae and folds in Descemet's membrane. Despite the absence of pre-existing keratoconus, acute corneal hydrops was diagnosed. Discussion: The pathogenesis of this acute corneal hydrops, occurring without pre-existing keratoconus, raises intriguing questions. Contusive trauma led to rupture of Descemet's membrane, causing an influx of aqueous humor into the corneal stroma. Unlike keratoconus-related cases, this severe trauma directly compromised the integrity of Descemet's membrane, demonstrating the variability of pathogenesis. Conclusion: This unique case highlights the rare occurrence of acute post-traumatic corneal hydrops in a child. It underscores the importance of prompt, multidisciplinary management, while encouraging further studies to better understand pathogenesis. Raising awareness of the risks of ocular trauma and promoting preventive measures are also crucial to preserving eye health, particularly in children.