Investigating Urban Heat Island Effects and Mitigation Strategies in Ahmedabad, India

Abstract An urban heat island is an urban area that is significantly warmer due to anthropogenic activity and unplanned development of city that is surrounded rural area. The temperature difference usually is high at night than the day temperature. The urban heat island is particularly noticeable during the summer and winter months. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is the form the disturb of natural setting and modification of land surface area. As the per the United nation report worldwide rapid growth of urbanization and globalization brought more than 54% of world’s population in urban areas which is only around 33% 50 years back and it expected to increases up 66% by the end of 2050. In this paper to investigate the relationship between land surface temperature and biophysical parameter in the selected area, satellite data used for extraction of biophysical and LST parameters for the study of urban heat island and its effects. To investigate and understand the effects land surface temperature, form the period of 1990 2000 and 2019 satellite data are used to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST), Normalized vegetation index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Normalized Difference Built-up and Bareness Index (NDBaL). The biophysical parameters of different time period are used to analysis the behavior change over the LST. Land cover indices were derived in order established the relationship between LST and the indices, in the result a higher level of LST was found to be associated with the lower NDVI in this research.