Sequential endoscopic treatment for esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding significantly reduces patient mortality and rebleeding rates

Background: Esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) is a serious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, characterized by high mortality and rebleeding rates. The effect of sequential endoscopic therapy on patient mortality and rebleeding rates remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sequential endoscopic therapy on mortality and rebleeding rates in patients with EGVB. Design: In this single-center retrospective study, 373 hospitalized cases of EGVB caused by liver cirrhosis, collected between November 2019 and November 2023, were divided into four groups according to different treatment methods: a sequential endoscopy group, emergency endoscopy group, emergency endoscopy plus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) group and control group. Methods: Mortality and rebleeding rates were compared among the four groups using statistical analyses. Results: The mortality and rebleeding rates of the sequential endoscopy group (3.7% and 19%, respectively) were significantly lower than those of the emergency endoscopy (22% and 36%, respectively), emergency endoscopy plus TIPS (33% and 28%, respectively), and control groups (33% and 51%, respectively) ( p = 0.013 and p = 0.013, respectively). Conclusion: Sequential endoscopic therapy may significantly reduce the mortality and rebleeding rates of patients with EGVB compared to other conventional treatment strategies. The findings of the study could help develop approaches benefiting EGVB treatment.