Preparation and Characterisation of CdO@Au Nanoparticles by Hybrid System Using Laser Ablation and Plasma Jet Methods for Cytotoxicity Against Rat Embryonic Fibroblast Cell Line

The purpose of the research is to see if cadmium oxide@gold (CdO@Au) nanoparticles produced using the laser ablation and plasma jet method in deionised water (DW) solution could be a viable alternative to typical materials in cytotoxicity of rat embryonic fibroblast (REF) normal cell line. The cadmium nanoparticle core was prepared using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at a wavelength of 1,064 nm, with laser pulse energies varying between 800 mJ and 1,000 mJ over 500 shots. Gold nanoparticles shell prepared using atmospheric pressure plasma jet. The structural analysis process used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy to study the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to follow the fast changes in the nanoparticles (NPs) colloidal solutions brought on by the interaction between Au sheets and CdO core. From UV-visible transmittance and absorbance spectra, it was observed that the transmittance pattern that can be obtained decreases. At the same time, the energy gap increases with the increase of laser energy, and this may be due to the increase in absorption. The XRD investigation revealed that the polycrystalline structure of CdO@Au NPs and their preferred orientation along (111) direction. The normal REF cell line was employed in the study to investigate the cytotoxicity of CdO@Au nanoparticles. After 48 h of exposure, the CdO@Au NPs displayed the maximum toxicity at a concentration of 100%.