Perbandingan Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) dan Kalsium Hidroksida Pada Perawatan Apeksifikasi: Literature Review

Apexification is a method to induce a calcification barrier in nonvital teeth with open apices. The goal of apexification is to induce closure of the open apical third of the root canal or the formation of an apical plug to facilitate obturation. Apexification can be performed in a multi-visit or single-visit setting, depending on the material used. Commonly used materials are calcium hydroxide and MTA. MTA achieves apical closure within 12 months after apical barrier formation and better root canal obturation than calcium hydroxide. The use of calcium hydroxide can induce osteoblast mineralization. However, this material has disadvantages such as long treatment time, unpredictable apical closure, difficulty in patient compliance, recurrent infection, and cervical fracture. Teeth apexified with calcium hydroxide are susceptible to fracture and potentially re-infection. In contrast to root lengthening, calcium hydroxide apexification is significantly better than MTA for root length elongation in young permanent teeth. MTA is a promising alternative to replace calcium hydroxide.. MTA differs from calcium hydroxide in that it takes less time to form an apical barrier and is also less soluble so that MTA-apexified roots are resistant to fracture.