Adverse events are not increased with trainee participation in transcarotid revascularization

Objective To determine whether a vascular surgery trainee’s participation in transcarotid revascularization (TCAR), a new technology, affects patient safety and outcomes. Design Retrospective, institutional review of our carotid database was performed. Patients who underwent TCAR were stratified based on whether a vascular trainee was present during the procedure. Relevant demographics, comorbidities, anatomical indication, perioperative courses, and adverse events in the postoperative period were captured for statistical analysis. Setting Data were obtained from affiliated Memorial Hermann Hospitals in Houston, Texas. Participants All patients who underwent TCAR from September 2017 to January 2022 were included. Results Of 486 patients who underwent TCAR, 173 (35.6%) were performed in the presence of a trainee, and 313 (64.4%) were performed without a trainee. Subjects in the trainee cohort had more challenging anatomy, defined as a higher rate of carotid bifurcation above C2, restenotic disease, previous ipsilateral neck dissection, and neck radiation. The trainee cohort had higher rates of estimated blood loss (61.1 ± 66 vs. 35.5 ± 39 mL, p < 0.01), longer operative time (64.8 ± 30.3 vs. 57.9 ± 20.4 min, p < .01), longer cerebral blood flow reversal time (8.9 ± 6.1 vs. 7.9 ± 6.6 min, p = .01), and higher contrast administration (25.7 ± 12.0 vs. 21.1 ± 9.4 mL, p < .01). The ability to achieve technical success was similar between the two cohorts. There was no difference in the rates of cranial nerve palsy, ipsilateral stroke, hematoma, and stent thrombosis. Hospital length of stay, death (0% vs. 1.6%, p = .10), and stroke (1.1% vs. 2.8%, p = .22) were also similar between the two cohorts. Conclusion Vascular surgery trainee’s involvement during TCAR did not increase adverse outcomes, such as stroke and death, in the perioperative period. The results presented herein should encourage other teaching institutions to provide surgical trainees with supervised, hands-on experience during TCAR.