MXene Materials for Biomedical Applications

MXenes, as a new kind of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have attracted enormous attention owing to their distinctive physicochemical performance and extensive biomedical applications. Due to their high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties, high specific surface area, and hydrophilicity, they are very attractive for several biomedical applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis strategies and intrinsic properties of MXenes, along with their recent advancements in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, biosensing, cancer therapy, and tissue engineering. Additionally, it discusses the current limitations and explores potential directions for the future development of MXene-based materials in the biomedical field. Functionalized MXenes show promise in targeted drug delivery systems with a controlled release effect for better therapeutic performance, according to recent reports. Furthermore, MXene-based biosensors are helpful in diagnostics because they are sensitive and selective in the identification of biomolecules. Their use in cancer treatment, including localized tumor ablation, is further guaranteed by their photothermal conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the potential for nanoscale MXene modification opens the door for scaffold design and construction in regenerative medicine. However, stability under physiological conditions, long-term biocompatibility, and high yield production remain crucial concerns. This review addresses important issues, outlines future research directions to fully realize the clinical potential of MXene materials, and highlights recent advancements in their development and application in biomedicine.