Oral lesions in diabetic patients, data from the published literature

Objectives: The study is oriented around the collection of already published data on diabetes as a systemic endocrine pathology and the oral lesions that accompany it. Diabetes is known as a systemic pathology that has the primary effect on the appearance of hyperglycemia in the blood, which gives local effects through the systemic pathways of blood vessels in the oral mucosa. Material and Methods: The electronic search was performed in PubMed with the keywords diabetes and oral lesions and oral mucosa, according to the predetermined stages. The time search interval is 10 years. Articles published in PubMed about diabetes and concomitant oral lesions. To find the right articles, the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria of the articles in further analysis were applied. The filters or the selected criteria are abstract and full text, English language, and publications within the time interval of about 10 years. The time interval of the research is 10 years. Articles published in PubMed about diabetes and oral lesions that can appear in the oral cavity as a result of this pathology. The period was chosen due to the fact that the evolution of ideas on the treatment of this systemic pathology and the control, possible or not, that the patient himself exercises over this endocrine pathology have been in significant exploration and evolution for decades, as presented in the already published literature. Results: From a total of 46 articles, through the second phase of selecting articles of interest in accordance with the purpose of our study, eight articles are excluded in this direction of scientific research. The concrete correlation between oral lesions and diabetes has the highest value for cross-sectional studies with the tendency to find the prevalence of oral lesions, and in the non-concrete diabetes category, it appears in the values of 16% again in cross-sectional studies. It is worth drawing attention to the case-report type studies where it is distinguished that the concrete correlation of oral lesions with diabetes is expressed in 8% of cases, and the non-concrete correlation is expressed in 13% of cases. Conclusion: There is a tendency to associate oral lesions caused by diabetes with their infectious nature, but without leaving aside the possibility of malignant or immune modifications, as caused by diabetes. Mucositis is an infection of the oral mucosa and, as such, is associated with all the signs of infection, which can also be caused by Candida; even in most cases, this fact is mentioned. Traumatic ulcers are associated with delayed healing, that is characteristic of diabetes as a systemic pathology. Hyperglycemia causes cellular changes in the buccal epithelial cells and in the cells of members of the oral flora, mainly in Candida albicans. Diabetes delays healing as it reduces the proliferation of fibroblasts; the number of glucosaminoglycans is also reduced, promoting the formation of granular tissue.