The Effects of Personalized Dietary Intervention on Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Control Trial in Jieshou

Abstract Background To design a personalized dietary intervention package for hypertensive patients (PDIPH) and to assess its impact on the patient’s blood pressure and knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) score. Methods A randomized controlled trial of 3,005 hypertensive patients from JieShou City were recruited and used the iFLYTEK intelligent voice sphygmomanometer. After excluding unqualified patients, there were 1,190 and 1,202 patients randomly divided into intervention and control groups respectively. Patients in the control group received the same health care as the intervention group, with the exception of PDIPH. The intervention period was from 15 August 2021 to 15 February 2022. The difference in blood pressure, knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAP) scores between the 2 groups before and after the intervention was evaluated. Blood pressure values were assessed for all patients in both groups, and KAP scores were assessed for a total of 529 patients randomly selected from the 2 groups. Results At the 6th month, the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure decreased by (9.11 ± 18.76) and (3.26 ± 12.50) mm Hg, respectively in the intervention group, while it decreased by (5.71 ± 17.63) and (2.15 ± 12.76) mm Hg, respectively in the control group. There was a significant difference in the decrease of systolic blood pressure between the 2 groups (t = 5.554, P < 0.05). After 6 months of intervention, the increases in KAP score of the intervention group were higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). A multivariable linear regression model showed that the difference in eating behavior scores was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure difference (β = 0.19, P = 0.024) and BMI had the greatest positive effect on diastolic blood pressure difference (β = 0.20, P = 0.034). Conclusions In hypertensive patients, PDIPH could reduce patients’ blood pressure levels and improve their KAP scores.