A Comparative Study of Brain Injury Biomarker S100β During General and Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarean Delivery: A Prospective Study

Background and Objectives: Anaesthesia is a medical procedure that involves the use of drugs to induce a state of unconsciousness or reduced awareness. A biomarker of patho-logical conditions is elevated S100β levels found in biological fluids. In order to investi-gate it, this study aims to differentiate brain injury in general along with spinal anaesthe-sia during C-section. Materials and Methods: The 60 parturient women underwent a C-section from July 1, 2021 to Dec 30, 2023 had been evenly distributed into 2 groups Gen-eral anaesthesia (n=30), and Spinal anaesthesia group (n=30). The prospective observa-tional study effectively compared the changes in the S100β brain damage biomarker ratio in maternal blood (preoperative and postoperative) and umbilical artery blood during a C-section, using either general or spinal anaesthesia. Results: S100β concentrations slight-ly increased once the C-section was over in both the SA and GA group, but without nota-ble differences. In the SA and GA groups, preoperative S100 β concentration in maternal blood was 195.1±36.2 ng/L, 193.0±54.3 ng/L, then increased to 200.9±42.9ng/L, 197.0±42.7 at the end of operation. Although there was no major statistical difference (p=0.86), S100B concentrations in the postoperative stage and umbilical artery in the spinal anaesthesia group clearly tended to be higher than that in the general anaesthesia group. Conclusions: S100β concentrations slightly increased after C-section in both groups. General anaesthe-sia faint impacts S100β levels in umbilical cord blood during C-section. Spinal and gen-eral anesthesia are considered safe for the maternal and fetal brain during cesarean sec-tions when administered appropriately, with no evidence suggesting harmful effects. Further studies is needed to study associations between anaesthesia, perioperative release of brain injury biomarker, and perioperative clinical outcomes.