Anemia Assessment among the First-trimester Pregnant Women: A Cross-sectional Hospital-based Study in Mysore District, Karnataka, India

Background and Aim: Anemia in pregnancy is a global health concern, particularly prevalent in India, leading to maternal and fetal complications. Despite interventions, anemia remains a challenge, necessitating focused strategies. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at a tertiary care hospital in Mysore District. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Mysore District, Karnataka, India, recruiting 491 first-trimester pregnant women. Data on socio-demographics, signs/symptoms, and dietary history were collected. Blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. Statistical analyses were performed. Results: Among participants, 26.1% were anemic, primarily classified as mild. Iron deficiency was observed in 61.4% of subjects, with 28.1% having serum ferritin levels below 15 ng/mL. Significant associations were found between anemia and residence, education, and body mass index (BMI). The common symptoms among anemic participants included tiredness and hair loss. Conclusion: The study underscores a high prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among the first-trimester pregnant women in Mysore. Tailored interventions and comprehensive antenatal care programs are imperative to address these issues. Sociodemographic factors such as residence, education, and BMI significantly influence anemia risk, emphasizing the need for customized healthcare delivery. Collaborative efforts are essential to mitigate the adverse impact of anemia on maternal and fetal health outcomes.