Search engine for discovering works of Art, research articles, and books related to Art and Culture
ShareThis
Javascript must be enabled to continue!

Use of Ketamine or Xylazine to Provide Balanced Anesthesia with Isoflurane in C57BL/6J Mice

View through CrossRef
Balanced anesthesia—the use of a combination of drugs to achieve a desired anesthetic plane—offers many benefits, including smoother induction and recovery and fewer adverse effects than occur with individual drugs. Although premedication prior to inhalant anesthesia is routine in other species, mice are commonly induced with gas anesthesia alone. The hypothesis of this study was that premedication with ketamine or xylazine would safely reduce the stress of isoflurane induction and lower the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane. Young adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were premedicated with ketamine (100 mg/kg), xylazine (4 mg/kg), or isotonic crystalloid (0.1 mL) and were used in 4 experiments. First, isoflurane induction was video recorded under all test conditions, and the videos were scored according to a behavioral ethogram to identify signs of distress. Mice in the ketamine group experienced tremors and ataxia before and dur- ing induction. Therefore, ketamine was given after induction with isoflurane in subsequent experiments. Second, the MAC value for each anesthetic protocol was determined by using quantal and bracketing analysis. Third, mice were anesthetized according to the 3 protocols, and vital parameters were monitored for 60 min. Finally, anesthetized mice were challenged with hypoxia and hypovolemia, and vital parameters were monitored. Premedication with xylazine significantly reduced the stress scores for isoflurane induction (control, 7.3 ± 1.5; ketamine, 6.0 ± 3.0; xylazine, 3.1 ± 1.0). Ketamine and xylazine both reduced the MAC of isoflurane (control, 1.89%; ketamine, 0.96%; xylazine, 1.20%). All mice survived 60 min of anesthesia and the hypoxia-hypovolemia challenge. Premedication with xylazine reduced the stress of induction and lowered the necessary dose of isoflurane in C57BL/6J mice to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia. We recommend administering xylazine before isoflurane induction and anesthesia of healthy mice that are undergoing procedures in which 100% oxygen is provided and anticipated blood loss is less than 10% to 15% of the total blood volume.
Title: Use of Ketamine or Xylazine to Provide Balanced Anesthesia with Isoflurane in C57BL/6J Mice
Description:
Balanced anesthesia—the use of a combination of drugs to achieve a desired anesthetic plane—offers many benefits, including smoother induction and recovery and fewer adverse effects than occur with individual drugs.
Although premedication prior to inhalant anesthesia is routine in other species, mice are commonly induced with gas anesthesia alone.
The hypothesis of this study was that premedication with ketamine or xylazine would safely reduce the stress of isoflurane induction and lower the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane.
Young adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were premedicated with ketamine (100 mg/kg), xylazine (4 mg/kg), or isotonic crystalloid (0.
1 mL) and were used in 4 experiments.
First, isoflurane induction was video recorded under all test conditions, and the videos were scored according to a behavioral ethogram to identify signs of distress.
Mice in the ketamine group experienced tremors and ataxia before and dur- ing induction.
Therefore, ketamine was given after induction with isoflurane in subsequent experiments.
Second, the MAC value for each anesthetic protocol was determined by using quantal and bracketing analysis.
Third, mice were anesthetized according to the 3 protocols, and vital parameters were monitored for 60 min.
Finally, anesthetized mice were challenged with hypoxia and hypovolemia, and vital parameters were monitored.
Premedication with xylazine significantly reduced the stress scores for isoflurane induction (control, 7.
3 ± 1.
5; ketamine, 6.
0 ± 3.
0; xylazine, 3.
1 ± 1.
0).
Ketamine and xylazine both reduced the MAC of isoflurane (control, 1.
89%; ketamine, 0.
96%; xylazine, 1.
20%).
All mice survived 60 min of anesthesia and the hypoxia-hypovolemia challenge.
Premedication with xylazine reduced the stress of induction and lowered the necessary dose of isoflurane in C57BL/6J mice to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia.
We recommend administering xylazine before isoflurane induction and anesthesia of healthy mice that are undergoing procedures in which 100% oxygen is provided and anticipated blood loss is less than 10% to 15% of the total blood volume.

Related Results

Xylazine-Ketamine Outperforms Diazepam-Ketamine in Rabbit Anesthesia
Xylazine-Ketamine Outperforms Diazepam-Ketamine in Rabbit Anesthesia
Background: Limited research on the effects of ketamine combinations on rabbit anesthesia underscores the need for safe and effective injectable methods. Specific Background: This ...
Mechanisms of Isoflurane-induced Myocardial Preconditioning in Rabbits 
Mechanisms of Isoflurane-induced Myocardial Preconditioning in Rabbits 
Background Isoflurane has cardioprotective effects that mimic the ischemic preconditioning phenomenon. Because adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and a...
Colchicine Inhibits Isoflurane-induced Preconditioning 
Colchicine Inhibits Isoflurane-induced Preconditioning 
Background When administered before prolonged myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, isoflurane exerts potent cardioprotective effects similar to those inferred by ischem...
Medial Septal Cholinergic Neurons Modulate Isoflurane Anesthesia
Medial Septal Cholinergic Neurons Modulate Isoflurane Anesthesia
Abstract Background: Cholinergic drugs are known to modulate the response of general anesthesia. However, the sensitivity of isoflurane or other ...
Recurrent Serotonin Syndrome After Ketamine-assisted Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Recurrent Serotonin Syndrome After Ketamine-assisted Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Serotonin (5-HT) syndrome (SS) consists of changes in mental status as well as autonomic and neuromuscular changes. Though not well understood, serotonergic pathways have been impl...
Brain consciousness affects HP lactate labeling from HP pyruvate
Brain consciousness affects HP lactate labeling from HP pyruvate
Motivation: Brain metabolism and activity are closely related. General anesthesia, commonly used in preclinical studies, alters functional connectivity, hemodynamics and metabolism...
Newer therapies and surgical management of ketamine-induced uropathy: A review
Newer therapies and surgical management of ketamine-induced uropathy: A review
Background and Aims: Ketamine use as a recreational drug is becoming more popular nowadays. Ketamine-induced uropathy (KIU) is a late finding observed with long-term use of ketamin...
Balanced Anesthesia with Paravertebral Brachial Plexus Block in Maned Sloth (Bradypus torquatus)
Balanced Anesthesia with Paravertebral Brachial Plexus Block in Maned Sloth (Bradypus torquatus)
Background: Maned sloths are docile mammals endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, threatened with extinction due to the degradation of their habitat. Injury involving limbs is ...

Back to Top