Dynamical Constraints on the Vertical Structure of Jupiter's Polar Cyclones

Jupiter’s poles feature striking polygons of cyclones, each drifting westward over time—a motion governed by an average β-drift. This study investigates how β-drift and the resulting westward motion depend on the depth of these cyclones. By employing a 2D model of Jupiter’s polar regions, we constrain the cyclone deformation radius (a function of depth) required to replicate the observed drift. We then explore possible vertical structures and the static stability of the poles by solving the eigenvalue problem that links the 2D model to a 3D framework, matching the constrained deformation radius. These findings provide a foundation for interpreting upcoming Juno microwave measurements of Jupiter’s north pole, offering insights into the static stability and vertical structure of the polar cyclones. Thus, by leveraging long-term motion as a novel constraint on vertical dynamics, this work sets the stage for advancing our understanding of the formation and evolution of Jupiter’s enigmatic polar cyclones.