Bioprinting in Organ Transplantation: From Experimental Models to Clinical Prospects

Background: Bioprinting has emerged as an innovative technology in organ transplantation and regenerative medicine, aiming to address pressing challenges such as the shortage of donor organs and the need for effective tissue repair. By leveraging advanced 3D printing techniques, bioprinting enables the fabrication of functional tissues and organs with precise architectural and biological properties. Methods: This review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest advancements in bioprinting, focusing on cutting-edge techniques, the development of bioinks, and their applications in tissue engineering. It examines significant breakthroughs in the creation of vascularized and transplantable organ prototypes and explores the role of bioprinting in personalized medicine. Results: The findings highlight the transformative impact of bioprinting in the biomedical field, particularly in drug testing, therapeutic modeling, and patient-specific treatment strategies. Additionally, key challenges—including technological limitations, ethical concerns, and regulatory considerations—are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the field’s progress and potential obstacles. Conclusion: Bioprinting holds immense promise for revolutionizing global healthcare by offering solutions for organ shortages and advancing regenerative medicine. However, continued research and innovation are necessary to overcome existing challenges and facilitate its clinical translation into mainstream medical practice.