THE CONCEPT OF «DOCUMENT» IN HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY STUDIES

This article discusses the concept of a document in historical document science. It is established that the development of society and the differentiation of social processes led to an increase in the array of documents, made adjustments to its standard and specific features and types of material carriers, etc. There was a need to organize the storage and organization of existing document files and develop effective mechanisms for processing and using documents. All these factors have led to scientific reflection and the emergence of new areas of document science and historical document science. It is confirmed that in different branches of the science of the document-information cycle, different definitions of the concept of a document are used today. The presence of its terminology, i.e., words or phrases that express characteristic concepts from a particular field of science, determines the specifics of a particular science. In almost every field of knowledge, there are one or more understanding versions according to the specifics of those objects to which the document's status is given. It is understood differently in computer science, library, bibliography, archives, museum studies. The concept of a document in particular fields of activity (library, museum, archival affairs, and bibliography) is interpreted separately. Hence its ambiguity complicates scientific communication and mutual understanding between specialists in the field of document and communication, but at the same time generates discussion and development of a new vision of the object-subject component. Considering the transition of information from document to source, it is necessary to use the concept of documentary sources of information as a set of documents of scientific, industrial, educational, reference and popular science, intended for general reading and subject-matter analysis to find the necessary data. The concept of "document" reflects the characteristics of real objects, serving as an object of practical activities for the creation, collection, analytical and synthetic processing, storage, retrieval, dissemination, and use of documentary information in society. Defining the concept of "document" is the main task of theoretical and historical document science. In the process of developing the meaning and content of the concept, the document has changed. The result is the presence of various definitions that expand the content of the term or focus on a particular type.