The jewel merchants, in lino-cuts

This chapter describes a decade of different types of fiscal squeeze under four different governments: massive tax hikes coupled with cuts in civilian services under the war coalit...

This chapter is concerned with how some bigger merchants were adversely affected by judicial decisions concerning their commercial activity. A change in the mores of business activ...

Chapter 2 argues that endemic insecurity in the Mediterranean and the instability of religious boundaries conditioned the expansion of Livorno. The process of settling merchants in...

This chapter describes fiscal squeeze in the early 1930s against the backdrop of global financial crisis and the Great Depression—fiscal squeeze less severe on financial outcomes d...