PREVALENCE OF FETAL CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Congenital anomalies also commonly referred as birth defects, congenital disorders, congenital malformations or congenital abnormalities are conditions of prenatal origin that are present at birth, potentially impacting an infant health, development or survival. An estimated 24000 newborns die worldwide within 28th day of birth every year due to birth defects and 170000 deaths of children between ages of 1 month and 5 years and contribute to long term disability which later signicantly depends on individual facilities, health care systems and societies. The proportion of under 5 deaths are increasing due to congenital anomalies as other causes of under 5 deaths are controlled (10). Fetal anomaly scan is the most effective measure of reducing the prevalence of serious congenital abnormalities and increasing the survival rate of those born with these issues. Knowledge about the prevalence of congenital anomalies is useful to obtain baseline rate and identifying clues to the etiology of conditions which help to plan and access antenatal screening for congenital anomalies especially high-risk population. To analyze the prevalenc Aim and Objectives: e of major and minor congenital anomalies in pregnant women attending the tertiary care hospital. This is Methods: a retrospective study done in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India between January 2019 to December 2021 (Three years). All antenatal mothers attending the labor room and outpatient department of Obstetrics & Gynecology were included in the study and subjected to TIFFA Scans. All antenatal women who gave consent for the study were included. The study was started after obtaining the ethical committee approval from our institute. International statistical classication of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision (ICD-10) was used for uniformity and international comparison. The further subcategorization was done as per the WHO birth defects surveillance manual. The prevalence of individual as well as overall congenital anomalies was calculated. Results:A total of 12488 deliveries were done in our tertiary care hospital. Out of which 86 congenital anomalies were detected with a prevalence of 0.7 %., among which, CNS anomalies were the most common. Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies provides information for proper decisions during pregnancy, fetal intervention, effective parental counselling and appropriate perinatal treatment, thereby improving perinatal outcomes.