Seizures Versus Parasomnias

Abstract Parasomnias can often be confused for seizures and vice versa, but differentiating between them is often necessary. Seizures, in general, occur more frequently during sleep or sleep-wake transitions, so having nocturnal events is not uncommon. Limb movements or other behaviors during sleep are not always seizure-related. Some parasomnias such as sleep enuresis, somnambulism, and somniloquy are more common in children. Sleep terrors, nightmares and rapid eye movement behavioral disorder can be confused with seizures. A careful history can often help differentiate between seizures and parasomnias, but in many cases polysomnography and/or video-EEG is required for definitive characterization. As the approach to treatment can be different, it is important to correctly diagnose the condition.