Whole genome sequence and characterisation of Streptococcus suis 3112, isolated from snakeskin gourami, Trichopodus pectoralis

Abstract Background Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important swine and human pathogen. A recent study reported the first isolate of S. suis capable of infecting fish, designated as S. suis strain 3112. The bacterium was isolated from snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis), an economically important fish species native to Southeast Asia, and it was previously shown that it can infect and cause lethal streptococcosis in the fish. Results In this study, we present the complete genome of S. suis 3112. Molecular sequence analysis revealed that it belongs to serotype 6, sequence type 2340. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the bacterium clustered with healthy-pig S. suis isolates, suggestive of an ultimate swine (as opposed to human) origin of the bacterium. Two fluoroquinolone resistance genes are present in the bacterial genome, namely patA and patB. Our results showed that both genes are expressed in our bacterium, and the bacterium is resistant to norfloxacin, but is still sensitive to other fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and sparfloxacin. Additionally, the bacterium is sensitive to β-lactams, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, and an aminoglycoside. Conclusions This study reports and describes the complete genome of S. suis 3112, the first isolate of S. suis known to infect fish, and provides further insights into the bacterial isolate, particularly regarding its drug resistance profile. These results will facilitate further investigations of the comparative genomics and pathogenic characteristics of S. suis, as well as the development of control strategies against this newly-identified fish pathogen.