Cost-Effective Enzyme Optimization and Encapsulation from Bacillus subtilis for Poultry Feed Enrichment

Abstract Microbial proteases due to their huge application potential have attracted considerable research attention and account for more than 60% of the worldwide enzyme sales. However, large-scale industrial application of proteases, lipases, cellulases and amylases is hindered due to their poor performance under relatively hostile industrial conditions (extremes of temperature and pH) and the high production cost. This study was designed for optimized and cost-effective production of protease, lipase, cellulase and amylase from Bacillus subtilis using response surface methodology (RSM) and to encapsulate the isolated enzymes using alginate to enhance their performance to be used in poultry feed. The optimized production of enzymes through RSM depicted pH 7 an optimum pH for each enzyme, 25°C for protease and 40°C for lipase, cellulase and amylase production. Optimization of incubation time and inoculum size indicated that protease and cellulase showed maximum production at 72 h and lipase and amylase showed at 48 h, 3mL of inoculum size for protease, lipase and amylase while 2 mL for cellulase production. After purification, protease, lipase, cellulase and amylase were characterized by their specific weights (protease: 29 kDa, Lipase and cellulase: 45 kDa and amylase: 56 kDa). FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the production of alginate coated enzymes and enzyme kinetics depicted an improvement in enzyme performance of encapsulated enzymes at different pH and temperature ranges. In conclusion, RSM found a cost-effective technique for enzyme production and encapsulation using alginate enhance the efficiency of enzymes and can be used to prepare feed premix for better growth of poultry.