Physical Chemistry: Entropy

The textbook covers all the most important aspects of entropy, one of the fundamental concepts of classical and statistical thermodynamics, as well as all physical chemistry. Various reasons and ways leading to the emergence of this concept, its connection with temperature, are described. The methods of calculating the relative and absolute values of the entropy of chemical compounds in various aggregate states are analyzed. A significant part of the manual is devoted to the entropy of nonequilibrium macroscopic bodies and the production of entropy during various irreversible processes. Sufficient attention is paid to the relationship of entropy with information. The essence of the law of entropy increase is described in detail, which is not explained in any textbook on physical chemistry, but only in books on theoretical physics, and even then it is not always complete. It is divided into two large chapters. The first one sets out the issues necessary for understanding the concept of entropy in classical thermodynamics, the second one does the same with respect to statistical thermodynamics based on a probabilistic approach. In this regard, the various functions of statistical distribution and the relationship between them are analyzed in detail. To assimilate the material, there is enough knowledge of mathematical analysis in the volume given by general courses in this discipline at universities and higher technical educational institutions. The rest of the necessary mathematical information is given in the manual itself. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students of higher educational institutions.It can also be useful for graduate students specializing in physical chemistry.