The Influence of Window Orientation on Daylight Penetration: A Simulation-Based Study in Lahore

The research deploys Velux daylight analysis software to analyse daylight performance across north, south, east and west orientations using a 6' x 7'-6" double-glazed window. The research examines three fundamental daylight parameters between daylight factor, illuminance quantity and uniformity ratios in order to identify optimal window positioning for daylight optimization and indoor comfort management. The research shows south-looking windows enable maximal daylight entrance through reaching a daylight factor of 6.90% and peak illuminance levels of 690 Lux. North exposure windows provide a stable illumination with 142 Lux lighting that makes them optimal for situations needing uniform natural light. The daylight peak occurs first in east-facing windows but west-facing windows reach it during afternoon hours causing discomfort because of strong brightness. The investigation shows double-glazed windows function as an effective solution to enhance daylight quality together with reduced heat gain and decreased brightness levels. The study demonstrates that building windows strategically affect daylight performance while cutting back on artificial illumination and creating better building conditions. The study provides essential knowledge to help architects build sustainable residential buildings that achieve improved daylight autonomy with urban planners.