Neuroscience of Hypnosis: A Neurophysiological View of Hypnotherapy

Objective: This narrative literature review is intended to briefly clarify the history and concepts of hypnosis, history, scientific advancement in the field and therapeutic applications.  The theme will have greater contextualization regarding the neurophysiology of hypnosis.   Methods: In this bibliographic review (databases, websites and specialized journals) studies were selected seeking as keywords "Hypnosis", "Neurobiology", "Hypnotic Response", "Historical", "Research", to approach these concepts in the clinical area and research in the health area, in order to seek greater grounding on the concepts and neurobiological mechanisms involved in hypnotherapy. The databases evaluated were MEDLINE, GOOGLE ACADEMIC, PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, SciELO and LILACS.   Results: In the selected studies on the theme, the concepts on hypnotherapy and history are addressed. Hypnosis, recognized as a psychobiological process, modifies brain activity, affecting areas such as sensory cortexes, the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus, and the prefrontal cortex. This neurocognitive alteration influences perception, making hypnosis an effective tool in the modulation of various clinical conditions in a way that complements conventional therapy.   Conclusion: The neurophysiology of hypnosis is a field in constant evolution. Although the exact understanding of the neurophysiological processes underlying hypnosis is not yet fully understood, advances in neuroscience reveal insights into the hypnotic response. The progress in new neuroimaging technologies and methodologies may provide clearer answers about the mechanisms involved in hypnotherapy, as well as proving the effectiveness of its application.