LEXICAL PARADIGMATICS OF OLD UYGHUR AND KAZAKH LANGUAGES

This article examines the lexical paradigms of the Old Uyghur and Kazakh languages. Homonyms, synonyms, and antonyms of the two related languages – ancient and modern – are compared, and their similarities and differences are analyzed. The article aims to determine the use of homonyms, synonyms, and antonyms used in the Old Uyghur language in modern Kazakh, as well as to identify historical words that have survived to the present day through a comparison of the lexical paradigms of the two languages. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that a systematic review of the Kazakh and Old Uyghur languages, devoted to the homonym-synonym-antonym paradigms, has not yet been conducted in the Kazakh language. For example, in G. Aidarov's book “The Language of Ancient Uyghur Written Monuments,” published in 1991 and written in Kazakh, the issues of homonyms, synonyms, and antonyms were considered only in general terms. The article uses sentences from one of the written monuments of the Old Uyghur language, the sutra “Säkiz Yükmäk Yaruq”, as an example. The article uses comparative, comparative-historical, analytical, translation, and grouping methods. To achieve the goal of the article, the set tasks were accomplished and the following results were obtained: 1. Similar lexical paradigms in related languages were identified and grouped; 2. Similarities in historical words used in both languages were analyzed; 3. The reasons for significant changes in words in personal and semantic terms were determined. The Old Uyghur language is an important direction of the Turkic written tradition, and its data are especially valuable for a comparative understanding of the history of the Kazakh language. Therefore, this article has great practical and theoretical significance. It can be used as an auxiliary teaching aid on the history of the Kazakh language and the Old Turkic languages.