Association of Undiagnosed Hyperprolactinemia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Case Study from a Tertiary Care Center in India

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) are two common endocrine disorders in reproductive-age women. The potential overlap between PCOS and HPRL can affect clinical presentation and management. This study aimed to investigate the association of undiagnosed hyperprolactinemia in women diagnosed with PCOS. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 women diagnosed with PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria at Medical College Hospital, Kolkata. Serum prolactin, LH, FSH levels, and sociodemographic, clinical, and reproductive parameters were analyzed Results: Hyperprolactinemia was detected in 45% of PCOS patients. A high LH:FSH ratio (≥3) and a positive family history of endocrine disorders were significantly associated with hyperprolactinemia (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 6.27 and 21.90, respectively). No significant associations were observed between HPRL and BMI or specific clinical features such as hirsutism, acne, or menstrual irregularities. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of PCOS patients had undiagnosed hyperprolactinemia. Routine prolactin screening is recommended for PCOS patients to optimize diagnosis and treatment pathways.