A Review Paper on Natural and Synthetic Refrigerants

The Montreal Protocol (1987) prohibited halogenated hydrocarbons with a high ozone depletion potential (ODP) because of their harmful effects on the ozone layer, which protects the earth from UV radiation. The greenhouse gases (GHG) utilized in contemporary refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat-pumping systems are subject to a time-limited permit term under the Kyoto Protocol (1997). The European Union law (2014) and the Paris Accord (2016) place a significant emphasis on the phase-out of hazardous synthetic refrigerants in order to prevent ozone depletion and reverse climate change impacts. The usage of natural refrigerants results in no net increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the environment. Extensive research is being conducted globally to adapt and alter current cooling and heating systems utilizing natural refrigerants. This study uses the Refrigerant Qualitative Parametric (RQP) quantification model to examine timeworn, current, and next-generation refrigerants in order to aid the refrigerant selection process. It is calculated using the arithmetic sums of real refrigerant parametric values adjusted to corresponding ideal values. This model may aid in the selection of alternative refrigerants for temporary replacement of CFCs with HCFCs or HFCs, and eventual replacement of HCFCs or HFCs with low GWP and ODP synthetic and natural refrigerants.