The Political Relationship Between Constantius II and Julianus(356-360) - Based on the Three Stages Policy of Constantius to Julianus -

Constantius II aimed to create a multi ruler system, since he had made the Roman Empire into a one man ruling state directly after the death of Constans(337-350 as Augustus). He intended to set up a system in which Augustus should be the first representative ruler with a loyal Caesar as the subordinated ruler. This idea was forced on both Caesars, Gallus(351-354 as Caesar) and Julianus(355-361 as Caesar). The traditional studies on this topic have tended to be understood and grasped mostly from the viewpoint of Julianus, because of the biased description of the sources and their structural restriction in the preservation. The studies on the period under the governorship of Julianus in Gaul have also been made in such biased way, written from a point of view in which Julianus is the main actor, and this pattern has still not changed thereafter. In this study the author will try to illuminate the relationship between both persons from the point of view of the Augustus Constantius, especially on his policy towards Julianus. It is time to review the political context of that era from Constantius' perspective, a viewpoint that has long been ignored. If we can make use of a handful of sources about our theme and conceive some hypothesis, this will provide an advanced scholarly discussion on the attitudes with which Constantius might have treated Julianus. The main objectives of the study would involve reconsidering how the relations between Constantius and Julianus came about and to what degree Constantius planned against his rival Julianus. Consequently we will be able to interpret the whole development of that relationship. Thus I will establish three stages for that relationship on the basis of the process of the incidents, reconsidering their meaning. Here attention must be paid especially to the change of Constantius’ attitude who had experienced the first and second stage in the relation. It was a political calculation on the part of Constantius, considering that he ought to avoid a crisis during the war against the Persians and also had to overwhelm or remove his rival Julianus, who had become too influential in Gaul.(Korea University)