Nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for tissue regeneration

Abstract Tissue regeneration is essential for repairing and restoring damaged tissues, which has significant implications for clinical outcomes. Understanding the cellular mechanisms and the role of the immune system in this process provides a basis for improved regenerative techniques. The emergence of nanomedicine has advanced this field by introducing nanoscale technology that offer precise control over therapeutic delivery and cellular interactions. By modulating immune responses, various immunotherapeutic approaches, including cytokine therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, can establish an optimal environment for tissue repair. This review summarizes recent findings and applications of nanomedicine-based immunotherapy in tissue regeneration. It highlights the properties and advantages of nanomedicine in immunotherapy, discusses recent progress in using nanocomposite biomaterials for tissue engineering, and addresses the challenges and future directions in this evolving field. This review aims to emphasize the promising potential of nanomedicine-based immunotherapy in tissue engineering, thereby contributing to the functional design and strategic development of next-generation nanomedicine for regenerative medicine.