Floristic Composition and Tree Species Diversity with DBH ≤ 5 cm at Gunung Stong State Park (GSSP), Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia

A study was conducted to assess the tree species composition, diversity, and above-ground biomass at Gunung Stong State Park (GSSP), Dabong, Kelantan, Malaysia. Five plots were systematically established of each 20 m x 20 m (0.2 ha), and all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and below were enumerated. A total of 273 individual trees were enumerated, representing 88 species belonging to 40 families and 67 genera. Lauraceae was the most represented family, consisting of 3 genera and 4 species. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’) indicated a high diversity value of 3.46 and the Simpson Diversity Index (D) with 0.97. The total above-ground biomass of the trees was estimated to be 0.619 ta/ha. Notably, Vatica maingayi and Aquilaria malaccensis identified in the study area are listed as vulnerable, with decreasing population trends. The floristic composition and the presence of these threatened species underscore the ecological importance of GSSP, highlighting its potential role as a critical conservation site for maintaining biodiversity and protecting vulnerable plant species. This study provides valuable baseline data for the management and conservation of forest resources in GSSP and contributes to the broader understanding of tropical forest ecosystems in Malaysia position implies that the study area can serve as a conservation site for the threatened plant species.