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Early–Middle Jurassic paleogeography of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, from paleomagnetic data and a revised Early Jurassic APWP for North America
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ABSTRACT
We performed a rock magnetic and paleomagnetic study of volcanic rocks at the base of the Jurassic succession of the Tlaxiaco basin (Diquiyú unit) of the Mixteco terrane in southern Mexico. The area allows for assessing the overlap between southern North America and northern South America in western Pangea reconstructions. The natural remanent magnetization of the Lower Jurassic Diquiyú volcanic rocks is generally multivectorial or bi-vectorial. The characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) of the andesites and dacites of the Diquiyú unit is primary and resides chiefly in magnetite. However, in some sites, magnetite and hematite are the remanence carriers. The ChRM of dual polarity passes conglomerate and fold tests. In tilt-corrected coordinates, the grand mean points toward the east with shallow inclinations (N = 23 sites; dec = 81.4°; inc = −1.4°; k = 11.7; α95 = 9.25°). A near-equatorial paleolatitude for this region, inferred from its rich fossil flora and lithofacies, is quantified here for the first time. Because of the easterly declination and shallow inclination, polarity interpretation is ambiguous; however, based on previous results for the Middle Jurassic Zorrillo Formation of the Tlaxiaco basin, we infer a southern hemisphere paleolatitude so that declinations indicate a significant clockwise rotation. Any interpretation of inclination data depends on the preferred cratonic reference frame; therefore, an updated reference apparent polar wander path (APWP) that uses the global database and a tight equatorial Atlantic fit reduces the ambiguity, suggesting a near concordant paleolatitude relative to the craton. The revised APWP indicates that the absolute latitudinal drift of North America began in the late Early Jurassic.
RESUMEN
En este trabajo, realizamos un estudio de magnetismo de rocas y paleomagnetismo, en rocas volcánicas ubicadas en la base de la sucesión jurásica de la cuenca de Tlaxiaco (unidad Diquiyú), perteneciente al terreno Mixteco, en el sur de México. Esta región permite evaluar la superposición entre el sur de Norteamérica y el norte de Sudamérica en reconstrucciones de Pangea occidental. La magnetización remanente natural de las rocas volcánicas del Jurásico Inferior de la unidad Diquiyú es, por lo general, multivectorial o bivectorial. La magnetización remanente característica (ChRM) de las andesitas y dacitas de la unidad Diquiyú es primaria y corresponde principalmente a magnetita. No obstante, en algunos sitios, la magnetita y la hematita son los portadores de la remanencia. La ChRM de doble polaridad supera las pruebas de conglomerado y de pliegue. En coordenadas corregidas por inclinación, la media general apunta hacia el este con inclinaciones someras (N = 23 sitios; dec = 81.4°; inc = −1.4°; k = 11.7; α95 = 9.25°). Una paleolatitud cuasi-ecuatorial para esta región, inferida a partir de su rica flora fósil y de sus litofacies, se cuantifica aquí por primera vez. Dada la declinación hacia el este y la baja inclinación, hacen que la interpretación de la polaridad sea ambigua; sin embargo, con base en resultados previos para la Formación Zorrillo (Jurásico Medio) de la cuenca de Tlaxiaco, inferimos una paleolatitud en el hemisferio sur, de modo que las declinaciones indiquen una rotación significativa en sentido horario. Cualquier interpretación de los datos de inclinación depende del marco de referencia cratónico adoptado; por ello, una curva de deriva polar aparente (APWP) actualizada, que utiliza la base de datos global y un ajuste ecuatorial estrecho del Atlántico, reduce la ambigüedad y sugiere una paleolatitud casi concordante con respecto al cratón. La APWP revisada indica que la deriva latitudinal absoluta de Norteamérica comenzó a finales del Jurásico Inferior.
Title: Early–Middle Jurassic paleogeography of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, from paleomagnetic data and a revised Early Jurassic APWP for North America
Description:
ABSTRACT
We performed a rock magnetic and paleomagnetic study of volcanic rocks at the base of the Jurassic succession of the Tlaxiaco basin (Diquiyú unit) of the Mixteco terrane in southern Mexico.
The area allows for assessing the overlap between southern North America and northern South America in western Pangea reconstructions.
The natural remanent magnetization of the Lower Jurassic Diquiyú volcanic rocks is generally multivectorial or bi-vectorial.
The characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) of the andesites and dacites of the Diquiyú unit is primary and resides chiefly in magnetite.
However, in some sites, magnetite and hematite are the remanence carriers.
The ChRM of dual polarity passes conglomerate and fold tests.
In tilt-corrected coordinates, the grand mean points toward the east with shallow inclinations (N = 23 sites; dec = 81.
4°; inc = −1.
4°; k = 11.
7; α95 = 9.
25°).
A near-equatorial paleolatitude for this region, inferred from its rich fossil flora and lithofacies, is quantified here for the first time.
Because of the easterly declination and shallow inclination, polarity interpretation is ambiguous; however, based on previous results for the Middle Jurassic Zorrillo Formation of the Tlaxiaco basin, we infer a southern hemisphere paleolatitude so that declinations indicate a significant clockwise rotation.
Any interpretation of inclination data depends on the preferred cratonic reference frame; therefore, an updated reference apparent polar wander path (APWP) that uses the global database and a tight equatorial Atlantic fit reduces the ambiguity, suggesting a near concordant paleolatitude relative to the craton.
The revised APWP indicates that the absolute latitudinal drift of North America began in the late Early Jurassic.
RESUMEN
En este trabajo, realizamos un estudio de magnetismo de rocas y paleomagnetismo, en rocas volcánicas ubicadas en la base de la sucesión jurásica de la cuenca de Tlaxiaco (unidad Diquiyú), perteneciente al terreno Mixteco, en el sur de México.
Esta región permite evaluar la superposición entre el sur de Norteamérica y el norte de Sudamérica en reconstrucciones de Pangea occidental.
La magnetización remanente natural de las rocas volcánicas del Jurásico Inferior de la unidad Diquiyú es, por lo general, multivectorial o bivectorial.
La magnetización remanente característica (ChRM) de las andesitas y dacitas de la unidad Diquiyú es primaria y corresponde principalmente a magnetita.
No obstante, en algunos sitios, la magnetita y la hematita son los portadores de la remanencia.
La ChRM de doble polaridad supera las pruebas de conglomerado y de pliegue.
En coordenadas corregidas por inclinación, la media general apunta hacia el este con inclinaciones someras (N = 23 sitios; dec = 81.
4°; inc = −1.
4°; k = 11.
7; α95 = 9.
25°).
Una paleolatitud cuasi-ecuatorial para esta región, inferida a partir de su rica flora fósil y de sus litofacies, se cuantifica aquí por primera vez.
Dada la declinación hacia el este y la baja inclinación, hacen que la interpretación de la polaridad sea ambigua; sin embargo, con base en resultados previos para la Formación Zorrillo (Jurásico Medio) de la cuenca de Tlaxiaco, inferimos una paleolatitud en el hemisferio sur, de modo que las declinaciones indiquen una rotación significativa en sentido horario.
Cualquier interpretación de los datos de inclinación depende del marco de referencia cratónico adoptado; por ello, una curva de deriva polar aparente (APWP) actualizada, que utiliza la base de datos global y un ajuste ecuatorial estrecho del Atlántico, reduce la ambigüedad y sugiere una paleolatitud casi concordante con respecto al cratón.
La APWP revisada indica que la deriva latitudinal absoluta de Norteamérica comenzó a finales del Jurásico Inferior.
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